The endornaviruses encode a single long open reading frame encoding approximately to amino acid residues of conserved viral RNA helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains, and some endornaviruses contain a site-specific nick in the coding strand of their dsRNA genome. Acute plant viruses propagate rapidly and systemically, eventually killing the host plant, and are then transmitted horizontally. The effectiveness of dsRNA phage therapy has yet to be reported.
First, the dsRNA phage phiYY has a broad host range and can be used alone or as a component of a phage cocktail. Second, dsRNA phages have a higher mutation rate and host range mutation rate 33 , Therefore, the high host range mutation rate of dsRNA phage can be used to expand or change the phage host range to better fit phage therapy.
This work presented a detailed analysis of the first dsRNA bacteriophage infecting P. Our work enhances the current understanding of RNA phage biology and provides an alternative choice for phage therapy. Given that phiYY infects 99 out of clinical P. The P. The morphology of the purified phage and the chloroform-treated phiYY was observed by transmission electron microscopy as previously described The phage particles were collected from the uppermost layer.
To determine the one-step growth curve of phiYY, we used the methods described by Lu et al. The phages were further purified by PEG precipitation. The read data was assembled by the de novo assembly algorithm Newbler Version2. The results were merged manually. Proteomic analysis was performed as previously described PCR amplification was performed with the following primers Similarity analysis was calculated with the Dice coefficient and the unweighted pair group average UPGMA for cluster analyses.
Phage sensitivity was determined by dot plaque assay. How to cite this article : Yang, Y. Characterization of the first double-stranded RNA bacteriophage infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. We thank Prof. Tong Yigang for the sequencing of phage phiYY genome. Author Contributions S. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Sci Rep. Published online Dec 9. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
Received Sep 8; Accepted Nov This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. This article has been corrected. See Sci Rep. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Bacteriophages phages are widely distributed in the biosphere and play a key role in modulating microbial ecology in the soil, ocean, and humans. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Biological characteristics of the phage phiYY. Figure 2. Genomic maps of the phage phiYY.
Figure 3. Identification of phiYY structural proteins. Phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic trees were generated by MEGA6 based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of Orf06 with the major capsid protein from other dsRNA phages, phi6, phi8, phi12, phi13, phi, and phiNN Fig. Figure 4. Host range To characterize the host range of phiYY, we tested the phage against a panel of isolated clinical strains and the type strain PAO1.
This tradition continues with the San Juan meeting, emphasizing the similarity and diversity of dsRNA viruses and their importance as pathogens of plants, animals, and man. The program includes seven workshops:. Each workshop will include two plenary 30 min presentations and six short 15 min presentations, the latter selected from submitted abstracts.
Preliminary studies on the interactions between endornaviruses and conventional plant viruses were initiated in Spain. This is being conducted during sabbatical leave in collaboration with Spanish investigators. Many rice and capsicum genotypes were screened for the presence of dsRNA viruses which generated a database of virus-infected and virus-free cultivars. The above information was disseminated in refereed publications, oral and poster presentations at professional meetings, and during informal meetings with collaborators from other institutions Mississippi State University, The Noble Foundation, and the Consejo de Investigacioness Cientificas of Spain.
Collaborators include Drs. Furthermore, using data from initial experiments with viral dsRNA, together with biological and molecular studies, a new species of a ssRNA virus infecting ferns in the United States and causing a severe disease has been reported.
A new RT-PCR-based method for the detection of members of the plant endornavirus genus was developed. This was possible with partial sequence data obtained from endornaviruses infecting various plant species. The validation of this method was conducted with success using plant tissues infected with these viruses.
This method will be of practical use to detect the presence of endornaviruses in plants. The occurrence and origin of a rice endornavirus, previously reported only in Japan, was determined based on the screening of rice cultivars and analyses of the pedigrees. Publications Valverde, R. A new plant virus with unique properties infecting Japanese holly fern. Southern tomato virus: the link between the families Totiviridae and Partitiviridae.
Virus Research A detection method for endornaviruses from various plant species. Bell pepper endornavirus: Host range, sequence and effect on cellular signaling. A dsRNA virus from pepper was partially characterized. Some results were published in a referred journal.
Valverde, PI and S. Sabanadzovic Mississippi State University are closely collaborating on this project. A graduate student, D. Gutierrez conducted some experiments. Impacts Partial sequence for endornaviruses and partitiviruses from rice and pepper and tomato were obtained.
This information will be useful to better understand the origin and nature of these plant viruses. Molecular and biological properties of a putative partitivirus from Jalapeno pepper Capsicum annuum L. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia Sponsoring Institution. Project Director Valverde, R. In plant pathogenic fungi, these viruses can increase or decrease the virulence of the fungus but in plants they do not appear to cause disease. Whether plant partitiviruses, endornaviruses, or totiviruses can provide beneficial adaptative traits to plants such as pathogen tolerance or tolerance to extreme environmental conditions remains to be investigated.
We have found a partitivirus and a totivirus infecting Jalape? Virus-free lines of the same cultivars were obtained after screening many Jalapeno pepper and tomato seedlings. In Louisiana two endornaviruses have been reported infecting Yolo Wonder pepper and two rice cultivars M and Saturn. Although, there is no evidence that suggests that these endornaviruses of pepper and rice are pathogenic to these crops; because of the lack of virus-free lines, their host effect of these viruses is not known.
Moreover, the presence of dsRNA viruses in "healthy" crop germplasm could affect international exchanges and sales of rice, tomato or pepper seed. Some fungi contain RNA viruses that have been shown to have potential as biocontrol agents. The best example of this is the hypovirulence caused by dsRNA viruses of Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight. This raises the prospect of using viruses to treat or prevent fungal infections.
Research on dsRNA viruses that infect plant pathogenic fungi is essential to determine the mechanisms involved in hypovirulence and therefore facilitate the development of biocontrol strategies.
In Louisiana, a putative endornavirus has been found in the plant pathogenic fungus R. Preliminary data suggest that this virus may be involved in the reduced virulence of some isolates of the fungus. The plants hosts for this fungus are economically important and the fungus causes important diseases of rice, cotton, and soybeans. Research on the effect of the putative endornavirus on R.
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