Soybean mosaic virus management

However, soybean plants are commonly infected with more than one virus, which increases risk of yield loss and lower seed quality. Lower populations of aphids are typically observed on early-planted soybean fields compared to later planting. Click on image to view a larger version. Late planting coincides with higher populations of aphids, which may increase the probability of virus transmission to young seedlings.

Infection in the early growth stages has the greatest risk of yield loss and reduced seed quality, compared to infection later in the season.

Partial resistance to SMV has been identified in soybean genotypes. Ask your seed dealer about soybean variety resistance to SMV. Maintain a dense soybean canopy.

Insecticides are not considered effective in reducing transmission of SMV by aphids. Not all infected plants produce mottled seed and seed mottling does not indicate that the virus in present in the seed. This means that mixed infections are more severe than single infections. Symptoms on plants with both viruses are very severe and terminal death may occur.

The combined infection also increases the level of seed transmission of SMV. Of course, this combination effect is also related to age of the plant when infection occurs.

Symptoms most pronounced during cool weather and disappear during hot weather. Planting bin run seed from infected fields can increase this problem. Environmental conditions favoring aphid reproduction can favor this disease if the virus is present to be spread.

Three genes resistant to soybean mosaic virus have been identified, but they are not affective against all strains of the virus. There are currently nine strains of the virus known to occur in the U. Management of SMV is based on the use of virus free seed and avoiding late planting of soybean to minimize aphid transmission.

So far, neither seed transmission nor aphid levels have been sufficient to cause epidemics in Nebraska. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Hajimorad, Email: ude. Corresponding author. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Biological properties SMV's host range is restricted mostly to two plant species of a single genus: Glycine max cultivated soybean and G. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Table 1 Current status of research on soybean resistance R gene loci conditioning resistance to Soybean mosaic virus SMV. Figure 3. Figure 4. Signalling and Host Responses A variety of approaches have been used to identify changes in host gene expression that influence compatible and incompatible SMV—soybean interactions.

Signalling and host responses in incompatible interactions A significant amount of research has focused on the identification of factors that function in Rsv1 signalling. Figure 5. References Adams, M. Potyviridae In: Virus Taxonomy. Virology , , — Thai J. Plant Pathol. Plant Cell , 11 , — Plant Dis. Phytopathology , 69 , — Crop Sci. Insect Mol. Plant—Microbe Interact. PLoS One , 11 , e Etiology of a necrotic disease of Glycine max. Virus Res. PLoS One , 6 , e USA , , — Rijeka, Croatia: InTech.

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